Briefly, this error occurs when the time unit is not specified in the Elasticsearch index settings. Elasticsearch assumes milliseconds as the default unit, but future versions will require explicit specification. To resolve this, specify the time unit when setting the index. For example, instead of “5”, use “5ms” for milliseconds, “5s” for seconds, “5m” for minutes, etc. This will ensure compatibility with future versions of Elasticsearch.
This guide will help you check for common problems that cause the log ” time index setting [{}] with value [{}] is missing units; assuming default units (ms) but in future versions this will be a hard error ” to appear. To understand the issues related to this log, read the explanation below about the following Elasticsearch concepts: cluster, index, metadata and upgrade.
Overview
In Elasticsearch, an index (plural: indices) contains a schema and can have one or more shards and replicas. An Elasticsearch index is divided into shards and each shard is an instance of a Lucene index.
Indices are used to store the documents in dedicated data structures corresponding to the data type of fields. For example, text fields are stored inside an inverted index whereas numeric and geo fields are stored inside BKD trees.
Examples
Create index
The following example is based on Elasticsearch version 5.x onwards. An index with two shards, each having one replica will be created with the name test_index1
PUT /test_index1?pretty
{
"settings" : {
"number_of_shards" : 2,
"number_of_replicas" : 1
},
"mappings" : {
"properties" : {
"tags" : { "type" : "keyword" },
"updated_at" : { "type" : "date" }
}
}
}List indices
All the index names and their basic information can be retrieved using the following command:
GET _cat/indices?v
Index a document
Let’s add a document in the index with the command below:
PUT test_index1/_doc/1
{
"tags": [
"opster",
"elasticsearch"
],
"date": "01-01-2020"
}Query an index
GET test_index1/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}Query multiple indices
It is possible to search multiple indices with a single request. If it is a raw HTTP request, index names should be sent in comma-separated format, as shown in the example below, and in the case of a query via a programming language client such as python or Java, index names are to be sent in a list format.
GET test_index1,test_index2/_search
Delete indices
DELETE test_index1
Common problems
- It is good practice to define the settings and mapping of an Index wherever possible because if this is not done, Elasticsearch tries to automatically guess the data type of fields at the time of indexing. This automatic process may have disadvantages, such as mapping conflicts, duplicate data and incorrect data types being set in the index. If the fields are not known in advance, it’s better to use dynamic index templates.
- Elasticsearch supports wildcard patterns in Index names, which sometimes aids with querying multiple indices, but can also be very destructive too. For example, It is possible to delete all the indices in a single command using the following commands:
DELETE /*
To disable this, you can add the following lines in the elasticsearch.yml:
action.destructive_requires_name: true
Overview
Metadata in Elasticsearch refers to additional information stored for each document. This is achieved using the specific metadata fields available in Elasticsearch. The default behavior of some of these metadata fields can be customized during mapping creation.
Examples
Using _meta meta-field for storing application-specific information with the mapping:
PUT /my_index?pretty
{
"mappings": {
"_meta": {
"domain": "security",
"release_information": {
"date": "18-01-2020",
"version": "7.5"
}
}
}
}Notes
- In version 2.x, Elasticsearch had a total 13 meta fields available, which are: _index, _uid, _type, _id, _source, _size, _all, _field_names, _timestamp, _ttl, _parent, _routing, _meta
- In version 5.x, _timestamp and _ttl meta fields were removed.
- In version 6.x, the _parent meta field was removed.
- In version 7.x, _uid and _all meta fields were removed.
Log Context
Log “time index setting [{}] with value [{}] is missing units; assuming default units (ms) but in future versions this will be a hard error” classname is MetaDataIndexUpgradeService.java.
We extracted the following from Elasticsearch source code for those seeking an in-depth context :
Long.parseLong(value);
} catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
continue;
}
// It's a naked number that previously would be interpreted as default unit (ms); now we add it:
logger.warn("time index setting [{}] with value [{}] is missing units; assuming default units (ms) but in future versions this will be a hard error"; timeSetting; value);
if (newSettings == null) {
newSettings = Settings.builder();
newSettings.put(settings);
}
newSettings.put(timeSetting; value + "ms");
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